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Glossary of terms used on this site

There are 153 entries in this glossary.
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TermDefinition
acrylic

Synthetic fiber often used as a substitute for wool. It was first launched commercially in 1947 but not produced in any great volume until the 1950s. It is often used to make sweaters and tracksuits, and is also made into linings for boots, gloves, jackets and slippers. Common trade names for acrylic are Acrilan and Orlon.

aigrette

Hair or hat ornament which is either shaped like a feather or holds the stem of a feather. Popular before the World War I.

Art Nouveau

Decorative art form which spread across Europe during the 1890s. Its name derives from the L’Art Nouveau, a shop opened in Paris in 1895, by Siegfried Bing. Although Art Nouveau was mainly expressed in architecture, interior decoration and furniture design, it also found its way into the design of jewelry and fabrics.

ball gown

Traditionally a full-skirted gown reaching at least to the ankles, made of luxurious fabric, delicately and exotically trimmed. Most versions are cut off the shoulder with décolleté necklines. Although man made fabrics are now used, the most common fabrics are satin, silk, taffeta, and velvet with trimmings of lace, pearls, sequins, embroidery, ruffles, and ruching.

baroque pearl

A baroque pearl is a pearl of an irregular form.

base metal

Common, non-precious metals, such as tin and copper, as well as their alloys, including nickel silver that are often plated with gold and silver.

bell bottom

Traditionally, sailors’ pants which were cut into a bell shape from knee to ankle. In the 1960s a version of bell bottoms, with the fabric clinging tightly to the thigh and flaring out from the knee, were popular with both men and women.

Bettina Blouse

: Introduced by Givenchy in 1952, the Bettina blouse was named after Bettina Graziani, one of Paris’s top models, who worked exclusively for Givenchy in the 1950s. It was popular for a few years and widely copied by Europe and the United States fashion houses.

bias cut

A cut across the grain of a fabric, which causes the material to fall into a smooth, vertical drape and allows it to be easily manipulated into clinging folds by the designer. Bias-cut dresses were worn during the 1920s and 1930s.

blazer

Loose-fitting, lightweight sports jacket worn by men at the turn of the 20th Century. It was originally made of flannel with either both regimental stripes of solid color or thin stripes. During the 1920s it was worn by women with pleated skirts, shirts, and ties. The naval-style blazer with gilt buttons has also been interpreted in fashion garments. The classic length of the blazer is to the top of the thigh. They became an important fashion ingredient to the 1970s “executive woman”.

bolero

Open, sleeveless, bodice-like jacket, reaching almost to the waist, of Spanish origin. In the early 10th Century boleros were worn with high-necked frilly blouses and sweeping skirts. During the 1960s and 1970s they were revived and worn with either skirts or pants.

bomber jacket

Waist-length woolen garment adapted from the jackets worn by fighter pilots in the British Royal Air Force during World War II. It is generously cut with wide but fitted sleeves which are gathered or elasticized at the wrist. A zipper fastens the jacket as the front from the waist to the neck, where the collar can be turned up. Since World War II they have been worn by both sexes as casual attire, and can be made of any fabric.

bonnet

Headgear with or without a front brim, which covered the top, sides, and back of the head and tied under the chin. In the 19th Century, bonnets were usually made of straw and trimmed with crepe, lace, satin, silk, or velvet. Some styles exposed the face while others concealed it. Ties usually ribbons, were attached to the brim or sewn to the insides of the bonnet.

brocade

Rich, jacquard-weave fabric which has a raised design, usually flowers or figures, woven into it, often in silk, gold, or silver threads. Brocade has been associated with eveningwear since the mid-19th Century.

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